La Música Disco es un estilo que tiene su más próxima influencia en el soul de Motown y Stax records. Sin embargo, para entender Motown hay que escuchar a sus antecesores, Gospel, R&B (Rythm and Blues) y Soul de los 40s, 50s y 60s.
Gospel 1940s Rhythm & Blues
The Soul Stirrers, Let the Good Times Roll, Louis Jordan song
The Sensational Nightingales,
Golden Gate Quintets,
The Larks,
Dixie Hummingbirds
Todos con raices en el Blues, se diferencian más por su contexto y contenido. El Gospel es la adoración a Dios mediante la música de naturaleza crisitana, contiene coros detrás del vocalista principal e instrumentalización. El R&B es una difuminación entre el jazz y el blues de carácter secular.
Ray Charles, I´ve got a woman James Brown, It´s a man´s world
1954 1966
El Soul contiene la expresión vocal del Gospel y la instrumentalización de Jazz y Blues, su contenido lírico se aparta de lo religioso. Tanto Ray Charles como James Brown interpretaron otros estilos diferentes del Soul. Otros nombres como Sam Cooke “You Send Me”, Solomon Burke “Cry To Me”, Ben E. King “Stand By Me”, son tambien conocidos como los padres del Soul.
Ben E. King, Stand By Me Solomon Burke, Cry To me
1961 1962
The Staple Singers “I´ll take you there” y Aretha Franklin “Respect” son ejemplo de la presencia e importancia de la mujer en el soul.
Aretha Franklin, Respect The Staple Singers, I´ll Take you there
1965 1972
The Blues Brothers, Everebody Needs Somebody to Love
1980
1980
The Blues Brothers es un excelente tributo al Soul, pero son tantos los artistas salidos de Motown, Stax y Atlantic Records que han influenciado a bandas modernas que es necesario dejar una lista más amplia.
1960-
Finger Popping Time (Hank Ballard and the Midnighters)
Stay Just a Little Bit Longer (Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs)
Shop Around (The Miracles)
This Magic Moment (The Drifters)
Bye Bye Baby (Mary Wells)
Will You Love Me Tomorrow (The Shirelles)
Doggin’ Around (Jackie Wilson)
A Woman a Lover a Friend (Jackie Wilson)
The Twist (Chubby Checker)
Wonderful World (Sam Cooke)
Let’s Go Let’s Go Let’s Go (Hank Ballard and the Midnighters)
1961-
Hit The Road Jack (Ray Charles)
A Sunday Kind of Love (Etta James)
Please Mr. Postman (The Marvelettes)
Last Night (The Mar-Keys)
Stand By Me (Ben E. King)
Ya Ya (Lee Dorsey)
At Last (Etta James)
I Know You Don’t Love Me No More (Barbara George)
Blue Moon (The Marcels)
1962-
Do You Love Me (The Contours)
These Arms of Mine (Otis Redding)
Cry To Me (Somon Burke)
Mashed Potatoe Time (Dee Dee Sharp)
He’s a Rebel (The Crystals)
Soul Twist (King Curtis)
Something’s Got a Hold On Me (Etta James)
Duke of Earl (Gene Chandler)
The Loco-Motion (Little Eva)
Twist and Shout (The Isley Brothers)
Green Onions (Booker T and the MGs)
Bring It On Home To Me (Sam Cooke)
Watermelon Man (Mongo Santamaria)
He’s So Fine (The Chiffons)
1963-
Fingertips (Stevie Wonder)
Da Doo Ron Ron (The Crystals)
Be My Baby (The Ronettes)
Cry Baby (Garnet Mimms and the Enchanters)
Leaving Here (Eddie Holland)
Prisoner of Love (James Brown)
Can I Get a Witness (Marvin Gaye)
One Fine Day (The Chiffons)
Just One Look (Doris Troy)
Don’t Say Nothin’ Bad About My Baby (The Cookies)
You Gotta Move (Sam Cooke)
You’re No Good (Betty Everett)
Heat Wave (Martha and the Vandellas)
Harlem Shuffle (Bob & Earl)
Pride and Joy (Marvin Gaye)
1964-
My Girl (The Temptations)
The Way You Do The Things You Do (The Temptations)
The Boy From New York City (The Ad Libs)
A Change Is Gonna Come (Sam Cooke)
Dancing in the Street (Martha and the Vandellas)
Out of Sight (James Brown)
Time Is On My Side (Irma Thomas)
How Sweet It Is (Marvin Gaye)
Where Did Our Love Go (The Supremes)
Baby Love (The Supremes)
Everybody Needs Somebody To Love (Solomon Burke)
1965-
Shotgun (Junior Walker and the All Stars)
I’ve Been Loving You Too Long (Otis Redding)
Papas’ Got a Brand New Bag (James Brown)
Rescue Me (Fontanella Bass)
I Can’t Help Myself (The Four Tops)
The Tracks of My Tears (Smokey Robinson and the Miracles)
I Got You (James Brown)
Road Runner (Junior Walker and the All-Stars)
Wooly Bully (Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs)
The In Crowd (Ramsey Lewis Trio)
It’s The Same Old Song (The Four Tops)
Nowhere to Run (Martha and the Vandellas)
1966-
River Deep, Mountain High (Ike and Tina Turner)
Mustang Sally (Wilson Pickett)
I’ve Got Dreams To Remember (Otis Redding)
Uptight (Stevie Wonder)
In The Midnight Hour (Wilson Pickett)
Your Good Thing Is About To End (Mable John)
You Can’t Hurry Love (Diana Ross and the Supremes)
Sunny (Bobby Hebb)
It’s a Man’s Man’s Man’s World (James Brown)
Let’s Go Get Stoned (Ray Charles)
Ain’t Too Proud To Beg (The Temptations)
Get Ready (The Temptations)
When a Man Loves a Woman (Percy Sledge)
Mercy Mercy Mercy (Canonball Adderly)
Hold On, I’m Coming (Sam and Dave)
Cool Jerk (The Capitols)
In The Basement (Etta James)
For Once In My Life (Stevie Wonder)
Land of 1,000 Dances (Wilson Pickett)
634 5789 (Wilson Pickett)
Reach Out (The Four Tops)
Try a Little Tenderness (Otis Redding)
1967-
Respect (Aretha Franklin)
Chain of Fools (Aretha Franklin)
Tell It Like It Is (Aaron Neville)
Ain’t No Mountain High Enough (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell)
You Make Me Feel Like a Natural Woman (Aretha Franklin)
I Was Made to Love Her (Stevie Wonder)
Bernadette (The Four Tops)
Baby I Love You (Aretha Franklin)
Dr. Feel Good (Aretha Franklin)
Your Love Keeps Lifting Me Higher (Jackie Wilson)
Cold Sweat (James Brown)
Soul Finger (The Bar-Kays)
I Never Loved a Man (Aretha Franklin)
I Love You More Than Words Can Say (Otis Redding)
1968-
Son of a Preacher Man (Dusty Springfield)
Soulful Strut (Young-Holt Unlimited)
Dance To The Music (Sly and the Family Stone)
Everyday People (Sly and the Family Stone)
Sittin’ On The Dock of the Bay (Otis Redding)
The House That Jack Built (Aretha Franklin)
I Say a Little Prayer (Aretha Franklin)
Stay In My Corner (The Dells)
We’re a Winner (The Impressions)
Since You’ve Been Gone (Aretha Franklin)
I Heard It Through The Grapevine (Marvin Gaye)
What a Man (Linda Lyndell)
I Got The Feelin’ (James Brown)
Tighten Up (Archie Bell and the Drells)
You’re All I Need To Get By (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell)
Think (Aretha Franklin)
Grazing in the Grass (Hugh Masekela)
1969-
California Soul (Marlena Shaw)
Who’s Lovin’ You (The Jackson Five)
I Want You Back (The Jackson Five)
It’s Your Thing (The Isley Brothers)
I Can’t Get Next To You (The Temptations)
Feelin’ Allright (Joe Cocker)
With a Little Help From My Friends (Joe Cocker)
I Want To Take You Higher (Sly and the Family Stone)
Compilación del usuario Silvan Spektor de youtube
Es en el soul que entrando a la década de 1970 se empieza a sentir la filosofía hippie en práctica. La integración de los derechos civiles de Estados Unidos valorando la opinión de minorias hasta entonces dejadas a un lado. Afroamericanos, gays y mujeres empiezan a tener un rol más relevante en todos los aspectos. En la música se desplazan las temáticas introspectivas y políticas por ritmos más energéticos y festivos. Se importa la idea de la “Discotheque” europea desplazando a los shows de bandas en vivo, para formar lugares donde un DJ reproducía discos de la música que se escuchaba en la radio haciendo bailar a los asistentes.
Harold Melvin and the Bluenotes, Earl Young
The Love I Lost Drum Lessons
1973
Earl Young (The Trammps) provoca un giro del R&B y Soul experimentando con ritmos más rápidos y variaciones en los Hi-Hats que provocarian el nacimiento del Disco.
Dirty Vegas, days Go By The Chemical Brothers – Hey Boy Hey Girl
2001 1999
Daft Punk, Around the World Propellerheads, History Repeating
1997 1997
Este estilo se puede notar todavía en la década del 2010 y estableció la base rítmica para la música electrónica de los 90s, BigBeat.
Referencias: Disco: Spinning The Story
